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Terbium vs Samarium

Terbium
Samarium
Samarium vs Terbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb   
Sm   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440279   
99+
7440199   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
  • Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
  
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Discovery
In 1842   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
40
0.00 %   
29
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
40
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
  • Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
  
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Slightly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C   
33
1,072.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C   
29
1,900.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa   
17
441.00 MPa   
27
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa   
13
412.00 MPa   
24
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s   
35
2,130.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb   
Sm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.17   
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10   
30
1.07   
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.83   
14
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
544.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,070.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr   
31
1.87 g/amp-hr   
34
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV   
36
2.70 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65   
99+
62   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2   
[Xe] 4f6 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
65   
99+
62   
99+
Number of Neutrons
94   
36
88   
39
Number of Electrons
65   
99+
62   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm   
17
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm   
16
198.00 pm   
13
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm   
22
229.00 pm   
20
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu   
99+
150.36 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol   
22
19.95 cm3/mol   
19
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gadolinium
  
Promethium
  
Next Element
Dysprosium
  
Europium
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)   
33
44.80 (-eV)   
37
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm   
36
362.10 pm   
33
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
13
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3   
99+
7.52 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3   
30
7.16 g/cm3   
32
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa   
17
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
29
0.94 (Pa)   
9
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)   
8
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa   
32
19.50 GPa   
34
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa   
33
37.80 GPa   
35
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa   
34
49.70 GPa   
37
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
21
0.27   
19
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.23   
39
7.52   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m   
99+
0.94 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.20 J/(kg K)   
31
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K   
9
29.54 J/mol·K   
7
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K   
99+
13.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)   
38
12.70 µm/(m·K)   
30
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol   
26
166.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol   
34
8.62 kJ/mol   
40
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol   
33
209.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K   
10
69.60 J/mol.K   
15
Periodic Table >>
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