Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Interesting Facts
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
Who Discovered
William Crookes
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
In 1861
In 1880
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
4th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available