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Thallium vs Platinum

Thallium
Platinum
Platinum vs Thallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl   
Pt   
Group Number
13   
5
10   
8
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440280   
99+
7440064   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes   
Antonio de Ulloa   
Discovery
In 1861   
In 1735   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-9 %   
32
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
33
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
303.50 °C   
99+
1,772.00 °C   
16
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C   
99+
3,827.00 °C   
15
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
3.50   
11
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa   
99+
300.00 MPa   
34
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
400.00 MPa   
25
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s   
99+
2,800.00 m/s   
29
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tl   
Pt   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62   
21
2.28   
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25   
5
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96   
6
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.79   
13
1.72   
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38   
33
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV   
28
5.65 eV   
1
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
81   
35
78   
38
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
81   
35
78   
38
Number of Neutrons
123   
20
117   
24
Number of Electrons
81   
35
78   
38
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
136.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm   
30
175.00 pm   
36
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu   
31
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Mercury
  
Iridium
  
Next Element
Lead
  
Gold
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
392.42 (-eV)   
1
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm   
99+
392.42 pm   
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60   
6
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3   
31
21.45 g/cm3   
11
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3   
13
19.77 g/cm3   
2
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
125.00 MPa   
14
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.07 (Pa)   
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa   
99+
61.00 GPa   
14
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa   
28
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa   
99+
168.00 GPa   
14
Poisson Ratio
0.45   
2
0.38   
6
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.85   
22
21.45   
4
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K   
33
71.60 W/m·K   
24
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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