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Platinum vs Thallium

Platinum
Thallium
Thallium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt  
Tl  
Group Number
10  
8
13  
5
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440064  
99+
7440280  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa  
William Crookes  
Discovery
In 1735  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
Physical
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C  
16
303.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C  
15
1,457.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50  
12
1.20  
21
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
26.50 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
120.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
818.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.41  
6
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
8.00 %  
37
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pt  
Tl  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.62  
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
2.25  
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.96  
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.72  
19
1.79  
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.38  
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
3rd Energy Level
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
4th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
5th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
15th Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
17th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV  
4
3.84 eV  
39
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
78  
38
81  
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78  
38
81  
35
Number of Neutrons
117  
25
123  
21
Number of Electrons
78  
38
81  
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm  
99+
196.00 pm  
37
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
204.38 amu  
31
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)  
1
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm  
27
345.66 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.60  
23
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3  
11
11.85 g/cm3  
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3  
12
11.22 g/cm3  
33
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
47.00 MPa  
39
Viscosity
0.00  
16
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
16.90 (Pa)  
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa  
14
2.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa  
15
8.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.45  
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Sectile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45  
13
11.85  
35
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
14
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
28
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K  
24
46.10 W/m·K  
33
Critical Temperature
2,041.00 K  
19
577.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
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