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Platinum vs Thallium

Platinum
Thallium
Thallium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt   
Tl   
Group Number
10   
8
13   
5
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440280   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
William Crookes   
Discovery
In 1735   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
5 * 10-9 %   
32
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
26.50 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
818.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78   
38
81   
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78   
38
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
117   
24
123   
20
Number of Electrons
78   
38
81   
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
196.00 pm   
30
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.60   
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
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