Tin vs Magnesium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Mg
Group Number
14
4
2
16
Period Number
5
3
Block
p block
s block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
141.00
7
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Joseph Black
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
260.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
Not Available
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
50
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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