Symbol
Sn
  
Mg
  
Period Number
5
  
3
  
Block
p block
  
s block
  
Element Family
Post-Transition
  
Alkaline Earth
  
Space Group Name
I41/amd
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown
  
Joseph Black
  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
  
In 1755
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
-
It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
  
Medical Uses
Dentistry
  
NA
  
Other Uses
NA
  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
  
10
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
  
5
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
  
16
1,800.00 p.p.m.
  
4
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
  
99+
1,107.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Gray
  
Luster
NA
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
  
32
4,940.00 m/s
  
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
Yes
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Sn
  
Mg
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
  
33
737.70 kJ/mol
  
24
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
  
30
7,732.70 kJ/mol
  
5
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
  
99+
10,542.50 kJ/mol
  
4
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
  
13
13,630.00 kJ/mol
  
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
18,020.00 kJ/mol
  
3
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
21,711.00 kJ/mol
  
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available
  
25,661.00 kJ/mol
  
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available
  
31,653.00 kJ/mol
  
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available
  
35,458.00 kJ/mol
  
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available
  
169,988.00 kJ/mol
  
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available
  
189,368.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
  
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
  
[Ne] 3s2
  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
  
32
13.97 cm3/mol
  
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
  
14
40.00 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
  
99+
1.74 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
  
28
43.90 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
  
23
0.23 106/cm Ω
  
7
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
  
8
0.00 kJ/mol
  
40
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
28
1.02 J/(kg K)
  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
  
20
24.87 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
  
25
156.00 W/m·K
  
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
  
20
24.80 µm/(m·K)
  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
  
32
128.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
  
99+
8.95 kJ/mol
  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
  
35
148.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
  
29
32.70 J/mol.K
  
99+