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Tin vs Magnesium


Tin
Magnesium vs Tin


Periodic Table

Symbol
Sn   
Mg   

Group Number
14   
4
2   
16

Period Number
5   
3   

Block
p block   
s block   

Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Alkaline Earth   

CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7439954   
99+

Space Group Name
I41/amd   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
141.00   
7
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Unknown   
Joseph Black   

Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
In 1755   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
6 * 10-2 %   
2

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.07 %   
2

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
12.00 %   
2

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
2.90 %   
4

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
0.13 %   
2

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
0.03 %   
4

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  

Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   

Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   

Other Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5

In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4

Physical Properties

Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
650.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
1,107.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Gray   

Luster
NA   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
2.50   
14

Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
260.00 MPa   
36

Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
4,940.00 m/s   
11

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
74.00 %   
7

Allotropes
Yes   
No   

α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Sn   
Mg   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
35   
4
15   
24

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
1.31   
31

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
1.32   
18

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.23   
25

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
1.37   
16

Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
1.29   
35

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
2.69   
23

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
737.70 kJ/mol   
24

2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5

4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4

5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3

7th Energy level
Not Available   
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
3.66 eV   
29

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
50   
99+
12   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Ne] 3s2   

Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
50   
99+
12   
99+

Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
12   
99+

Number of Electrons
50   
99+
12   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
160.00 pm   
27

Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
141.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
173.00 pm   
37

Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
24.31 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
13.97 cm3/mol   
37

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Indium
  
Sodium
  

Next Element
Cesium
  
Aluminium
  

Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
40.00 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
320.94 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
1.74 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
1.58 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
17.00 GPa   
37

Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
45.00 GPa   
25

Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
45.00 GPa   
39

Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
0.29   
15

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
1.74   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7

Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
0.00 kJ/mol   
40

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4

Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
156.00 W/m·K   
8

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
8.95 kJ/mol   
39

Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+

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