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Tungsten Thorium Comparison

Tungsten
Thorium
Thorium Tungsten comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Th  
Group Number
6  
12
0  
18
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440326  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1829  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
0.05 %  
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.66 %  
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
36
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.02 p.p.m.  
34
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
1,750.00 °C  
17
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
4,790.00 °C  
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
390.00 MPa  
35
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
295.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
2,490.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
1.60  
33
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
15.00 %  
36
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Th  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
28  
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
38
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr  
28
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
3.41 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
90  
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
90  
28
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
142  
16
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
90  
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
179.80 pm  
17
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
206.00 pm  
7
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
237.00 pm  
19
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
232.04 amu  
23
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
59.30 (-eV)  
24
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
508.42 pm  
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.10  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
11.72 g/cm3  
34
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
11.72 g/cm3  
32
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
75.00 MPa  
30
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
31.00 GPa  
25
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
54.00 GPa  
23
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.27  
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
11.70  
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.07 106/cm Ω  
36
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
26.23 J/mol·K  
38
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
54.00 W/m·K  
28
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
2,023.00 K  
20
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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