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Tungsten vs Calcium

Tungsten
Calcium
Calcium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W   
Ca   
Group Number
6   
12
2   
16
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440337   
99+
7440702   
21
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1781   
In 1808   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
7 * 10-3 %   
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.007 %   
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
39
1.10 %   
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
39
5.00 %   
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
1.40 %   
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
35
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C   
1
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C   
1
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50   
2
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa   
4
170.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa   
1
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s   
16
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
62.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
W   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36   
2
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98   
23
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40   
19
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.47   
29
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64   
99+
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol   
16
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol   
29
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
74   
99+
20   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2   
[Ar] 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
20   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm   
29
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
231.00 pm   
19
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu   
37
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm   
99+
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3   
16
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3   
5
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa   
10
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa   
5
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa   
4
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa   
4
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22   
9
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m   
99+
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol   
13
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K   
7
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)   
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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