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Tungsten vs Palladium

Tungsten
Palladium
Palladium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Pd  
Group Number
6  
12
10  
8
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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