1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74403377440188
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Karl Ernst Claus
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %4 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~0.0000005 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
3,410.00 °C2,250.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C3,900.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa2,160.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s5,970.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol710.22 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
NA2,747.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
5.5.7 7th Energy level
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr1.26 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
139.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
162.00 pm146.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
183.84 amu101.07 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol8.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
316.52 pm270.59 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm312.45 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm310.65 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa173.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa220.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa447.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
8.1.4 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m71.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol101.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K24.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K117.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)6.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol567.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol25.50 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol603.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K28.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1