Symbol
W
  
Zn
  
Period Number
6
  
4
  
Block
d block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available
  
Indian metallurgists
  
Discovery
In 1781
  
Before 1000 BCE
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
Pharmaceutical Industry
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Highly Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
31
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
6
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
  
35
170.00 p.p.m.
  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Grayish White
  
Silvery Gray
  
Luster
Lustrous
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa
  
4
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa
  
1
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s
  
16
3,850.00 m/s
  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
W
  
Zn
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol
  
16
906.40 kJ/mol
  
6
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol
  
29
1,733.30 kJ/mol
  
27
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
  
3,833.00 kJ/mol
  
12
4th Energy Level
Not Available
  
5,731.00 kJ/mol
  
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
7,970.00 kJ/mol
  
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
10,400.00 kJ/mol
  
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
12,900.00 kJ/mol
  
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available
  
16,800.00 kJ/mol
  
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available
  
19,600.00 kJ/mol
  
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available
  
23,000.00 kJ/mol
  
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available
  
26,400.00 kJ/mol
  
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available
  
29,990.00 kJ/mol
  
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available
  
40,490.00 kJ/mol
  
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available
  
43,800.00 kJ/mol
  
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available
  
47,300.00 kJ/mol
  
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available
  
52,300.00 kJ/mol
  
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available
  
55,900.00 kJ/mol
  
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available
  
59,700.00 kJ/mol
  
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
  
67,300.00 kJ/mol
  
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
  
171,200.00 kJ/mol
  
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
  
179,100.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
  
99+
9.20 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
  
5
38.90 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3
  
16
7.14 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
  
10
0.17 106/cm Ω
  
12
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol
  
13
0.00 kJ/mol
  
40
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
  
39
0.39 J/(kg K)
  
14
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K
  
99+
25.47 J/mol·K
  
39
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K
  
7
116.00 W/m·K
  
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
30.20 µm/(m·K)
  
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
  
1
7.32 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
  
1
7.32 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
  
1
129.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K
  
36