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Uranium vs Scandium

Uranium
Scandium
Scandium vs Uranium


Periodic Table
Symbol
U   
Sc   
Group Number
0   
18
3   
15
Period Number
7   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440611   
28
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
63.00   
10
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
In 1789   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %   
29
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
11
0.00 %   
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C   
39
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C   
16
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa   
2
750.00 MPa   
12
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa   
2
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s   
25
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
U   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38   
28
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62   
26
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol   
99+
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV   
30
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
92   
26
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
92   
26
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
146   
13
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
92   
26
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm   
33
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu   
21
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol   
40
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Protactinium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Neptunium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)   
4
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3   
17
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3   
7
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
20
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa   
10
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa   
10
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
0.23   
30
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
18.80   
10
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m   
99+
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω   
37
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K   
15
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K   
40
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)   
27
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol   
13
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol   
14
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K   
31
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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