Ytterbium Thorium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb
Th
Group Number
Not Available
0
18
Period Number
6
7
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Actinide
CAS Number
7440644
26
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
In 1878
In 1829
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
33
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
- compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
33
In Bone
Not Available
0.02 p.p.m.
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
824.00 °C
99+
1,750.00 °C
17
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C
99+
4,790.00 °C
8
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa
31
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa
33
295.00 MPa
29
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s
99+
2,490.00 m/s
36
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Yb
Th
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
28
11
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06
33
1.11
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
587.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,978.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
2,780.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
2.16 g/amp-hr
24
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.41 eV
32
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
70
99+
90
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
70
99+
90
28
Number of Neutrons
103
31
142
15
Number of Electrons
70
99+
90
28
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
179.80 pm
15
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm
12
237.00 pm
15
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu
99+
232.04 amu
23
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol
9
19.90 cm3/mol
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)
27
59.30 (-eV)
23
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm
11
508.42 pm
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3
99+
11.72 g/cm3
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa
18
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
22
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa
99+
31.00 GPa
21
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa
39
54.00 GPa
22
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa
99+
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.21
33
0.27
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.97
99+
11.70
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
157.00 nΩ·m
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
0.07 106/cm Ω
31
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
26.23 J/mol·K
30
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K
35
54.00 W/m·K
28
Critical Temperature
26.30 K
7
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
11.00 µm/(m·K)
36
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K
21
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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