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Ytterbium vs Mercury

Ytterbium
Mercury
Mercury vs Ytterbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb   
Hg   
Group Number
Not Available   
12   
6
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440644   
26
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
In 1878   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
33
0.05 %   
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
37
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
Not Available   
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
824.00 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C   
99+
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa   
31
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa   
33
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s   
99+
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Yb   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06   
33
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr   
25
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
70   
99+
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
70   
99+
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
103   
31
121   
22
Number of Electrons
70   
99+
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm   
12
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu   
99+
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol   
9
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thulium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Lutetium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)   
27
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm   
11
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3   
99+
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa   
18
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa   
39
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
33
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.97   
99+
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m   
99+
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω   
38
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K   
35
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
26.30 K   
7
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)   
14
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol   
99+
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K   
21
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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