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Mercury vs Ytterbium

Mercury
Ytterbium
Ytterbium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Yb   
Group Number
12   
6
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7440644   
26
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In 1878   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
0.00 %   
33
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
37
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
Not Available   
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
824.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
1,196.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
343.00 MPa   
31
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
206.00 MPa   
33
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
1,590.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Yb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.06   
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
2.15 g/amp-hr   
25
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
70   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
70   
99+
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
103   
31
Number of Electrons
80   
36
70   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
187.00 pm   
20
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
242.00 pm   
12
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
173.05 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
24.79 cm3/mol   
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Thulium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Lutetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
50.30 (-eV)   
27
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
548.47 pm   
11
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
6.90 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.21 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
58.00 MPa   
18
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
9.90 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
30.50 GPa   
39
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
23.90 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.21   
33
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
6.97   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
0.25 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω   
38
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
38.50 W/m·K   
35
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
26.30 K   
7
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
26.30 µm/(m·K)   
14
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
128.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
59.90 J/mol.K   
21
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