Mercury Ytterbium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg
Yb
Group Number
12
6
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439976
99+
7440644
26
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
166.00
6
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
In 1878
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %
9
0.00 %
33
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
37
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
Not Available
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available
824.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C
99+
1,196.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Liquid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
343.00 MPa
31
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
206.00 MPa
33
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s
99+
1,590.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
3
Not Available
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg
Yb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
Not Available
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.06
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81
9
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.44
30
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV
15
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80
36
70
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
80
36
70
99+
Number of Neutrons
121
22
103
31
Number of Electrons
80
36
70
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm
99+
242.00 pm
12
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu
32
173.05 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol
35
24.79 cm3/mol
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)
99+
50.30 (-eV)
27
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm
99+
548.47 pm
11
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3
24
6.90 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
6.21 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
58.00 MPa
18
Viscosity
0.00
1
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
9.90 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
30.50 GPa
39
Young's Modulus
Not Available
23.90 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.21
33
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.53
16
6.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m
1
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K
13
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K
99+
38.50 W/m·K
35
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K
6
26.30 K
7
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K
6
59.90 J/mol.K
21
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