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Ytterbium vs Osmium

Ytterbium
Osmium
Osmium vs Ytterbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb  
Os  
Group Number
3  
15
8  
10
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440644  
26
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1878  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
33
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
37
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
2.10 p.p.m.  
15
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
824.00 °C  
99+
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C  
99+
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa  
37
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa  
99+
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s  
99+
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
30.00 %  
35
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Yb  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30  
9
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.10  
38
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06  
34
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20  
39
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
6,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
6,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
6,034.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
6,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
6,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
6,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
6,030.00 kJ/mol  
31
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
60,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
60,300.00 kJ/mol  
32
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
6,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
603.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
615.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
603.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr  
29
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV  
99+
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
70  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
70  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
103  
32
114  
26
Number of Electrons
70  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
20
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm  
16
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu  
99+
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol  
13
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thulium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Lutetium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)  
28
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm  
12
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
20
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3  
99+
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3  
99+
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa  
36
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
20
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa  
99+
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa  
99+
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa  
99+
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
34
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.97  
99+
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m  
99+
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)  
37
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K  
32
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K  
35
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
26.30 K  
99+
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)  
14
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol  
99+
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K  
26
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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