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Yttrium vs Aluminium

Yttrium
Aluminium
Aluminium vs Yttrium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Y  
Al  
Group Number
3  
15
13  
5
Period Number
5  
3  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440655  
25
7429905  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin  
Hans Christian Oersted  
Discovery
In 1794  
In 1825  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %  
17
5 * 10-3 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~0.006 %  
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
21
0.91 %  
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
22
8.10 %  
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
26
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3  
9
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.  
25
27.00 p.p.m.  
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C  
27
660.37 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C  
21
2,467.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
2.75  
13
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa  
22
160.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
160.00 MPa  
35
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s  
23
5,000.00 m/s  
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
71.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Y  
Al  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
19  
20
11  
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22  
38
1.61  
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65  
29
1.71  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
29
1.47  
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.83  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.12  
38
1.61  
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78  
16
2.39  
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol  
19
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol  
38
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
10
11,577.00 kJ/mol  
3
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol  
14
14,842.00 kJ/mol  
2
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol  
17
18,379.00 kJ/mol  
2
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol  
18
23,326.00 kJ/mol  
2
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol  
18
27,465.00 kJ/mol  
2
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol  
19
31,853.00 kJ/mol  
2
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol  
17
38,473.00 kJ/mol  
4
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
42,647.00 kJ/mol  
5
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol  
5
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.34 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV  
35
4.28 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
39  
99+
13  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2  
[Ne] 3s2 3p1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
39  
99+
13  
99+
Number of Neutrons
50  
99+
14  
99+
Number of Electrons
39  
99+
13  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
14
143.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm  
18
121.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
184.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu  
99+
26.98 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol  
21
10.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Strontium
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Zirconium
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)  
30
80.70 (-eV)  
17
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm  
31
404.95 pm  
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
16
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3  
99+
2.70 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3  
99+
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
40.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
32
0.00 (Pa)  
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)  
10
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa  
30
26.00 GPa  
29
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa  
30
76.00 GPa  
18
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa  
32
70.00 GPa  
28
Poisson Ratio
0.24  
26
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.47  
99+
2.72  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
Not Available  
0.00 H/m  
4
Susceptibility
Not Available  
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m  
8
28.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.38 106/cm Ω  
4
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol  
30
42.50 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
0.90 J/(kg K)  
5
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K  
27
24.20 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K  
99+
237.00 W/m·K  
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)  
37
23.10 µm/(m·K)  
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol  
18
293.70 kJ/mol  
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol  
16
10.67 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol  
18
322.20 kJ/mol  
31
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K  
33
28.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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