Yttrium vs Aluminium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Y
Al
Group Number
3
15
13
5
Period Number
5
3
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440655
25
7429905
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin
Hans Christian Oersted
Discovery
In 1794
In 1825
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %
17
5 * 10-3 %
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.006 %
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
21
0.91 %
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
22
8.10 %
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
25
0.00 %
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.
25
27.00 p.p.m.
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C
27
660.37 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C
21
2,467.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.75
13
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa
22
160.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
160.00 MPa
35
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s
23
5,000.00 m/s
10
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
71.00 %
10
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Y
Al
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
19
20
11
27
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22
38
1.61
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65
29
1.71
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.47
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.83
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.12
38
1.61
20
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78
16
2.39
32
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV
35
4.28 eV
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
39
99+
13
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
39
99+
13
99+
Number of Neutrons
50
99+
14
99+
Number of Electrons
39
99+
13
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
143.00 pm
37
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm
18
121.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
184.00 pm
34
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu
99+
26.98 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol
21
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)
30
80.70 (-eV)
17
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm
31
404.95 pm
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
16
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3
99+
2.70 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3
99+
2.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
40.00 MPa
19
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
32
0.00 (Pa)
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)
10
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa
30
26.00 GPa
29
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa
30
76.00 GPa
18
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa
32
70.00 GPa
28
Poisson Ratio
0.24
26
0.35
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.47
99+
2.72
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
4
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
3
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m
8
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol
30
42.50 kJ/mol
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K
27
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K
99+
237.00 W/m·K
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol
18
293.70 kJ/mol
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol
16
10.67 kJ/mol
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol
18
322.20 kJ/mol
31
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K
33
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
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