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Yttrium vs Aluminium

Yttrium
Aluminium
Aluminium vs Yttrium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Y   
Al   
Group Number
3   
15
13   
5
Period Number
5   
3   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440655   
25
7429905   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin   
Hans Christian Oersted   
Discovery
In 1794   
In 1825   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %   
17
5 * 10-3 %   
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.006 %   
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
21
0.91 %   
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
22
8.10 %   
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
25
0.00 %   
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
26
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C   
27
660.37 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C   
21
2,467.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.75   
13
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa   
22
160.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
160.00 MPa   
35
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s   
23
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Y   
Al   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
19   
20
11   
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22   
38
1.61   
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65   
29
1.71   
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.83   
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.12   
38
1.61   
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78   
16
2.39   
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol   
10
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol   
14
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol   
17
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol   
18
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol   
18
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol   
19
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol   
17
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol   
18
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
4.28 eV   
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
39   
99+
13   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
39   
99+
13   
99+
Number of Neutrons
50   
99+
14   
99+
Number of Electrons
39   
99+
13   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
143.00 pm   
37
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm   
18
121.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
184.00 pm   
34
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu   
99+
26.98 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol   
21
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Strontium
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Zirconium
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)   
30
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm   
31
404.95 pm   
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
16
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3   
99+
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3   
99+
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
40.00 MPa   
19
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)   
10
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa   
30
26.00 GPa   
29
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa   
30
76.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa   
32
70.00 GPa   
28
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
26
0.35   
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.47   
99+
2.72   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m   
8
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol   
30
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K   
27
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K   
99+
237.00 W/m·K   
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)   
37
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol   
18
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol   
16
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol   
18
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K   
33
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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