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Yttrium vs Lead

Yttrium
Lead
Lead vs Yttrium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Y   
Pb   
Group Number
3   
15
14   
4
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440655   
25
7439921   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1794   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %   
17
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
21
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
25
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
26
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C   
27
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C   
21
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa   
22
38.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s   
23
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Y   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
19   
20
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22   
38
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65   
29
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.12   
38
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78   
16
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol   
10
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol   
14
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
39   
99+
82   
34
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
39   
99+
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
50   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
39   
99+
82   
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm   
18
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu   
99+
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol   
21
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Strontium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Zirconium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)   
30
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm   
31
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
16
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3   
99+
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3   
99+
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)   
10
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa   
30
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa   
30
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa   
32
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
26
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.47   
99+
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m   
8
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol   
30
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K   
27
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K   
99+
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)   
37
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol   
18
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol   
16
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol   
18
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K   
33
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
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