Symbol
Zn
  
Li
  
Period Number
4
  
2
  
Block
d block
  
s block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Alkali
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
Im_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists
  
Johan August Arfwedson
  
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE
  
In 1817
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
  
NA
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
6
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
27
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.
  
6
1.30 p.p.m.
  
17
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery Gray
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
Metallic
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s
  
18
6,000.00 m/s
  
3
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Zn
  
Li
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol
  
6
520.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol
  
27
7,298.10 kJ/mol
  
3
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol
  
12
11,815.00 kJ/mol
  
4
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol
  
11
Not Available
  
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Not Available
  
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol
  
8
Not Available
  
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Not Available
  
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol
  
11
Not Available
  
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol
  
11
Not Available
  
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Not Available
  
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Not Available
  
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol
  
8
Not Available
  
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Not Available
  
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol
  
11
Not Available
  
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Not Available
  
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Not Available
  
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr
  
99+
0.26 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
  
[He] 2s1
  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol
  
99+
13.10 cm3/mol
  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)
  
99+
19.00 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3
  
99+
0.53 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω
  
12
0.11 106/cm Ω
  
19
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
  
40
59.60 kJ/mol
  
16
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)
  
14
3.60 J/(kg K)
  
1
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K
  
39
24.86 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K
  
14
84.80 W/m·K
  
20
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)
  
11
46.00 µm/(m·K)
  
7
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol
  
99+
134.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol
  
99+
3.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
160.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
  
36
29.10 J/mol.K
  
99+