Lithium vs Cobalt
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
Co
Group Number
1
17
9
9
Period Number
2
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7440484
38
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Georg Brandt
Discovery
In 1817
In 1732
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.06 %
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
- Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
18
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
0.04 p.p.m.
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
1,495.00 °C
29
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
2,870.00 °C
34
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
5.00
8
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
470.00 MPa
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,043.00 MPa
11
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
4,720.00 m/s
14
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-Cobalt
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-Cobalt
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
Co
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
1.88
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
2.56
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.70
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
1.84
10
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
2.12
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
760.40 kJ/mol
19
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
1,648.00 kJ/mol
31
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
3,232.00 kJ/mol
22
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,950.00 kJ/mol
19
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,670.00 kJ/mol
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,840.00 kJ/mol
12
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,440.00 kJ/mol
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,230.00 kJ/mol
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available
17,959.00 kJ/mol
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available
26,570.00 kJ/mol
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available
29,400.00 kJ/mol
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available
32,400.00 kJ/mol
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available
36,600.00 kJ/mol
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available
39,700.00 kJ/mol
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available
42,800.00 kJ/mol
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available
49,396.00 kJ/mol
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available
52,737.00 kJ/mol
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available
134,810.00 kJ/mol
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available
145,170.00 kJ/mol
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available
154,700.00 kJ/mol
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available
167,400.00 kJ/mol
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
178,100.00 kJ/mol
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
189,300.00 kJ/mol
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
5.00 eV
5
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
22
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
22
99+
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
26
99+
Number of Electrons
3
99+
22
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
147.00 pm
34
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
95.20 (-eV)
10
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
4.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
4.11 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
434.00 MPa
9
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.98 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
116.00 GPa
18
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.32
12
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
4,500.00
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
420.00 nΩ·m
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
7.60 kJ/mol
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
21.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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