Symbol
Zn
Ca
Group Number
122
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
44
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
74406667440702
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00225.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists
Humphry Davy
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.01 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.01 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %1.10 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %5.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %1.40 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-360.50 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.170,000.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
419.58 °C839.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
907.00 °C1,484.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gray
Luster
Metallic
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.501.75
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa170.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
207.00 MPa170.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s3,810.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.001.54
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
80.00 %60.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Zn
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2519
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.651.00
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.230.95
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.661.04
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.651.08
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.591.03
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.353.00
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol589.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol1,145.40 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol4,912.40 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol6,491.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol8,153.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol10,496.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol12,270.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol14,206.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol18,191.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol20,385.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol57,110.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol63,410.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol70,110.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol78,890.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol86,310.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol94,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol104,900.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol111,711.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol590.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
906.00 kJ/mol590.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol590.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol590.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr0.75 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV2.87 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Number
3020
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
3020
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
3520
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
3020
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm197.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm176.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm231.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu40.08 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol29.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)29.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm558.84 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.861.55
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm31.55 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm31.38 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa20.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)25.50 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa7.40 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa17.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa20.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.250.31
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.904.58
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m33.60 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω0.30 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol2.37 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)0.63 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K25.93 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K201.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
692.00 K1,115.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)22.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol150.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol8.54 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol184.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻