1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74407027440484
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Georg Brandt
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-3 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.007 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-30.04 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m.0.04 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
839.00 °C1,495.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C2,870.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa470.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s4,720.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
4.7.2 β Allotropes
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol1,648.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol3,232.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/mol4,950.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/mol7,670.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/mol9,840.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/mol12,440.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/mol15,230.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/mol17,959.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/mol26,570.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/mol29,400.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/mol32,400.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/mol36,600.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/mol39,700.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/mol42,800.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/mol49,396.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/mol52,737.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/mol134,810.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NA145,170.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NA154,700.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NA167,400.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NA178,100.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NA189,300.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
6.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
197.00 pm147.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
176.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
40.08 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
558.84 pm295.08 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm34.11 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa44.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa110.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa116.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
8.1.3 Permeability
8.1.4 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol7.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1