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Zinc vs Vanadium

Zinc
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Zinc


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn   
V   
Group Number
12   
6
5   
13
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440666   
24
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %   
11
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %   
10
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %   
12
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
16
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
10
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
6
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
419.58 °C   
99+
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
907.00 °C   
99+
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa   
32
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s   
18
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
2
Not Available   
Reflectivity
80.00 %   
5
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zn   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23   
6
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66   
7
1.45   
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65   
11
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.59   
22
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35   
35
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV   
17
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
30   
99+
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
30   
99+
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
35   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
30   
99+
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu   
99+
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Copper
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Gallium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm   
99+
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3   
37
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa   
19
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa   
19
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.90   
99+
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K   
14
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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