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Zirconium vs Livermorium

Zirconium
Livermorium
Livermorium vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Lv  
Group Number
4  
14
16  
2
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Probably Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
54100719  
3
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 2000  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
0.50 p.p.m.  
22
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
-  
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
3,500.00 °C  
18
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Lustrous  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
-  
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
4,600.00 m/s  
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
66.00 %  
17
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Lv  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
5  
32
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
723.60 kJ/mol  
28
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,331.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,846.30 kJ/mol  
35
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,811.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
6,078.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
38
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
34
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
31
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
30
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,168.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
70,900.00 kJ/mol  
26
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
23
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
32
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,169.70 kJ/mol  
13
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
370.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
548.90 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
709.00 kJ/mol  
27
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
31
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
32
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
116  
2
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Livermorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
116  
2
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
160  
5
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
116  
2
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
183.00 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
183.00 pm  
22
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
293.00 amu  
2
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
22.90 cm3/mol  
16
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Moscovium
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
No Next Element  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
362.15 pm  
36
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
12.90 g/cm3  
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
12.90 g/cm3  
30
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
28.50 GPa  
30
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
12.50 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
12.00  
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
0.50 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
9.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
722.00 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
380.50 kJ/mol  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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