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Zirconium vs Seaborgium

Zirconium
Seaborgium
Seaborgium vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Sg  
Group Number
4  
14
6  
12
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
54038812  
9
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Seaborgium most stable isotope is Sg and it has 2.1 min of half- life.
  • And other isotopes of Seaborgium have half-lives as short as 3 ms.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1974  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Currently known uses of Seaborgium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
-  
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Lustrous  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
400.00 MPa  
34
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
520.00 MPa  
33
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Sg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
757.40 kJ/mol  
21
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,732.90 kJ/mol  
29
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,483.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,415.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
4,561.80 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,715.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
5,710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,600.00 kJ/mol  
39
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
971.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
22
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
971.00 kJ/mol  
4
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
761.90 kJ/mol  
21
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.20 g/amp-hr  
14
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
-  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
106  
12
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
106  
12
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
106  
12
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
132.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
143.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
230.00 pm  
24
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
269.00 amu  
9
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
35.00 cm3/mol  
8
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Dubnium
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Bohrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
6.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.36  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
12.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
35.00  
6
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
0.38 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
35.00 J/mol·K  
5
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
0.14 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
1,200.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
585.00 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
650.00 kJ/mol  
8
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
42.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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