Neodymium vs Osmium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Nd
Os
Group Number
1
17
8
10
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440008
99+
7440042
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Smithson Tennant
Discovery
In 1885
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
3 * 10-7 %
21
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %
24
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
30
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
30
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C
99+
3,045.00 °C
3
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C
28
5,027.00 °C
6
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
7.00
3
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa
35
3,490.00 MPa
1
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa
27
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s
38
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nd
Os
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.14
99+
2.20
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.52
12
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.65
19
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.86
13
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol
99+
840.00 kJ/mol
12
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr
37
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV
34
4.83 eV
8
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
60
99+
76
40
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
60
99+
76
39
Number of Neutrons
84
40
114
25
Number of Electrons
60
99+
76
39
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm
13
133.80 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm
10
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
216.00 pm
24
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu
99+
190.23 amu
35
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol
18
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
91.40 (-eV)
12
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm
30
273.44 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
1.58
14
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3
99+
22.59 g/cm3
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3
36
20.00 g/cm3
1
Tensile Strength
Not Available
1,000.00 MPa
4
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)
2
0.00 (Pa)
28
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa
38
222.00 GPa
1
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa
37
462.00 GPa
1
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa
40
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.28
16
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.00
99+
22.57
2
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m
6
81.20 nΩ·m
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
106.10 kJ/mol
9
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K
17
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K
99+
87.60 W/m·K
19
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol
34
627.60 kJ/mol
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol
99+
29.30 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol
32
669.00 kJ/mol
6
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K
13
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
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