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Osmium vs Cerium


Cerium vs Osmium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Os   
Ce   

Group Number
8   
10
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
d block   
f block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440451   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  

Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   

Discovery
In 1803   
In 1803   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
1 * 10-6 %   
16

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000004 %   
23

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.00 %   
27

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
18

Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
33

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Moderately Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30

In Bone
Not Available   
2.70 p.p.m.   
14

Physical Properties

Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
795.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
3,257.00 °C   
23

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
2.50   
14

Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
186.00 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
210.00 MPa   
32

Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
2,100.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Os   
Ce   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
35   
4
30   
9

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.12   
99+

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.08   
31

Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.88   
11

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
2.84 eV   
39

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
76   
40
58   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
76   
39
58   
99+

Number of Neutrons
114   
25
82   
99+

Number of Electrons
76   
39
58   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
181.80 pm   
12

Covalent Radius
Not Available   
204.00 pm   
8

Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
235.00 pm   
17

Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
140.12 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
20.67 cm3/mol   
17

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Lanthanum
  

Next Element
Iridium
  

Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
41.78 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
362.00 pm   
34

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
6.77 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
6.55 g/cm3   
38

Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
34

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
1.04 (Pa)   
13

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
13.50 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
21.50 GPa   
99+

Young's Modulus
Not Available   
33.60 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.24   
27

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
6.77   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
828.00 nΩ·m   
3

Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32

Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
26.94 J/mol·K   
23

Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
11.30 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
414.00 kJ/mol   
16

Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
381.00 kJ/mol   
23

Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
72.00 J/mol.K   
12

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