Osmium Cerium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Ce
Group Number
8
10
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7440451
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Discovery
In 1803
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
33
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Moderately Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
In Bone
Not Available
2.70 p.p.m.
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
795.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
3,257.00 °C
23
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
186.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
210.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
2,100.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Ce
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.12
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
1.08
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.88
11
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
2.84 eV
39
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
58
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
58
99+
Number of Neutrons
114
25
82
99+
Number of Electrons
76
39
58
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
181.80 pm
12
Covalent Radius
Not Available
204.00 pm
8
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
235.00 pm
17
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
140.12 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
20.67 cm3/mol
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
41.78 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
362.00 pm
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
6.77 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
6.55 g/cm3
38
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
1.04 (Pa)
13
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
13.50 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
21.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available
33.60 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
0.24
27
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
6.77
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
828.00 nΩ·m
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
26.94 J/mol·K
23
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
11.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
414.00 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
381.00 kJ/mol
23
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
72.00 J/mol.K
12
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