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Cerium Osmium Comparison


Osmium Cerium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ce   
Os   

Group Number
Not Available   
8   
10

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440451   
99+
7440042   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Smithson Tennant   

Discovery
In 1803   
In 1803   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
3 * 10-7 %   
21

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0000002 %   
25

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
27
0.00 %   
28

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
33
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Moderately Toxic   
Highly Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
Not Available   

In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
795.00 °C   
99+
3,045.00 °C   
3

Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C   
23
5,027.00 °C   
6

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Bluish-Gray   

Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
7.00   
3

Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa   
99+
3,490.00 MPa   
1

Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa   
32
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
4,940.00 m/s   
11

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ce   
Os   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
30   
9
35   
4

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.12   
99+
2.20   
4

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.52   
12

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.65   
19

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.88   
11
1.80   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
840.00 kJ/mol   
12

2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38

Electron Work Function
2.84 eV   
39
4.83 eV   
8

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
58   
99+
76   
40

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
58   
99+
76   
39

Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
114   
25

Number of Electrons
58   
99+
76   
39

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
181.80 pm   
12
133.80 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
204.00 pm   
8
Not Available   

Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm   
17
216.00 pm   
24

Atomic Weight
140.12 amu   
99+
190.23 amu   
35

Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
Rhenium
  

Next Element
Iridium
  

Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
91.40 (-eV)   
12

Lattice Constant
362.00 pm   
34
273.44 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
14

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
22.59 g/cm3   
9

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3   
38
20.00 g/cm3   
1

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
1,000.00 MPa   
4

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)   
13
0.00 (Pa)   
28

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa   
99+
222.00 GPa   
1

Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa   
99+
462.00 GPa   
1

Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa   
99+
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.24   
27
0.25   
24

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
22.57   
2

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
81.20 nΩ·m   
35

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
106.10 kJ/mol   
9

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39

Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
87.60 W/m·K   
19

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
627.60 kJ/mol   
7

Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
29.30 kJ/mol   
4

Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
669.00 kJ/mol   
6

Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+

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