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Osmium vs Promethium

Osmium
Promethium
Promethium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Pm  
Group Number
8  
10
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440122  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1942  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
1,042.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
3,000.00 °C  
32
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
-  
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
400.00 MPa  
34
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
1.70  
27
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
63.00 %  
20
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Pm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
27  
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
540.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.80 g/amp-hr  
40
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
5.30 eV  
5
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
61  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Xe] 4f5 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
61  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
84  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
61  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
183.00 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
199.00 pm  
12
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
236.00 pm  
20
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
145.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
22.39 cm3/mol  
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
44.10 (-eV)  
40
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.63  
14
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
7.26 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
7.26 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
75.00 MPa  
30
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
0.00 (Pa)  
31
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
33.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
7.26  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
25
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
0.75 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
27.60 J/mol·K  
20
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
17.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
1,315.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
9.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
289.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
7.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
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