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Osmium vs Promethium

Osmium
Promethium
Promethium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Pm   
Group Number
8   
10
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.07   
32
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
84   
40
Number of Electrons
76   
39
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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