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Promethium vs Tantalum

Promethium
Tantalum
Tantalum vs Promethium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm  
Ta  
Group Number
3  
15
5  
13
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440122  
99+
7440257  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe  
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg  
Discovery
In 1942  
In 1802  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.03 p.p.m.  
33
Physical
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C  
99+
2,996.00 °C  
4
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C  
32
5,425.00 °C  
4
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gray Blue  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
400.00 MPa  
34
440.00 MPa  
33
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
3,400.00 m/s  
33
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.70  
27
2.15  
10
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pm  
Ta  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.50  
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.33  
23
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.50  
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.34  
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20  
39
2.50  
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
18
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
9
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
6th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
36
7th Energy level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
8th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
9th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
26
10th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
11th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
29
12th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
22
14th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
15th Energy Level
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
16th Energy Level
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
17th Energy Level
540.50 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
35
18th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
25
19th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
32
20th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
26
21st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
20
23rd Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
25th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
26th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
27th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
15
28th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
21
29th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
22
30th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr  
40
1.35 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.30 eV  
5
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
61  
99+
73  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61  
99+
73  
99+
Number of Neutrons
84  
99+
108  
29
Number of Electrons
61  
99+
73  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm  
12
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm  
12
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm  
20
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu  
99+
180.95 amu  
38
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol  
21
10.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Hafnium
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Tungsten
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)  
40
110.00 (-eV)  
7
Lattice Constant
-  
330.13 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
14
1.41  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3  
99+
16.69 g/cm3  
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.26 g/cm3  
99+
15.00 g/cm3  
23
Tensile Strength
75.00 MPa  
30
180.00 MPa  
20
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
31
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
69.00 GPa  
13
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa  
99+
200.00 GPa  
8
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
186.00 GPa  
14
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26  
99+
16.65  
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
25
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m  
99+
131.00 nΩ·m  
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
32
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
31.00 kJ/mol  
35
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
27.60 J/mol·K  
20
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K  
99+
57.50 W/m·K  
27
Critical Temperature
1,315.00 K  
99+
3,290.00 K  
4
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
289.00 kJ/mol  
99+
753.10 kJ/mol  
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol  
99+
31.40 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
782.00 kJ/mol  
3
Standard Molar Entropy
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
41.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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