Rubidium vs Yttrium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb
Y
Group Number
1
17
3
15
Period Number
5
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440177
99+
7440655
25
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Johan Gadolin
Discovery
In 1861
In 1794
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
7 * 10-7 %
17
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %
17
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
18
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
7
0.00 %
25
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
7
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3
7
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.
13
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
38.89 °C
99+
1,523.00 °C
27
Boiling Point
688.00 °C
99+
3,337.00 °C
21
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.30
24
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa
99+
589.00 MPa
22
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s
99+
3,300.00 m/s
23
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rb
Y
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82
99+
1.22
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31
32
0.65
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89
40
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69
24
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.71
99+
1.12
38
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18
3
2.78
16
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol
99+
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol
6
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol
11
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol
18
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol
19
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol
20
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol
20
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol
17
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol
18
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol
6
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr
14
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV
99+
3.10 eV
35
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
37
99+
39
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
37
99+
39
99+
Number of Neutrons
48
99+
50
99+
Number of Electrons
37
99+
39
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm
2
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm
4
190.00 pm
18
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm
3
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu
99+
88.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol
2
19.80 cm3/mol
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)
99+
48.00 (-eV)
30
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm
10
364.74 pm
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3
99+
4.47 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3
99+
4.24 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
4.27 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
25.60 GPa
30
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa
99+
41.20 GPa
30
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa
99+
63.50 GPa
32
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.24
26
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.53
99+
4.47
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m
26
596.00 nΩ·m
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
24
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol
24
29.60 kJ/mol
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)
17
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K
5
26.53 J/mol·K
27
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K
26
17.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K
4
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)
2
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol
99+
393.00 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol
99+
17.15 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol
99+
418.00 kJ/mol
18
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K
5
44.40 J/mol.K
33
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