Europium vs Bismuth
Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu
Bi
Group Number
Not Available
15
3
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440531
34
7440699
22
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
C12/m1
Space Group Number
229.00
1
12.00
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
In 1896
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %
27
~0.000006 %
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
- It is used in low energy light bulbs.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
In Bone
Not Available
0.20 p.p.m.
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C
99+
271.30 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C
99+
1,560.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.25
15
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
70.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa
34
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
1,790.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20
39
2.02
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01
22
2.34
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
1.67
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.15
4
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
2.01
4
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
1.98
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol
99+
703.00 kJ/mol
35
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr
33
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV
99+
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63
99+
83
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
63
99+
83
33
Number of Neutrons
89
38
126
18
Number of Electrons
63
99+
83
33
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
148.00 pm
36
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm
18
207.00 pm
26
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu
99+
208.98 amu
29
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol
8
21.30 cm3/mol
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)
35
41.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm
17
667.40 pm
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3
99+
9.78 g/cm3
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3
99+
10.05 g/cm3
18
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)
4
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa
99+
12.00 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa
99+
31.00 GPa
38
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa
99+
32.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.15
34
0.33
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.24
99+
9.79
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
6
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
6
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m
99+
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
91.20 kJ/mol
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K
16
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K
99+
7.97 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)
8
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol
99+
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol
37
10.90 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K
4
56.70 J/mol.K
24
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