Lutetium vs Thulium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu
Tm
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439943
99+
7440304
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
In 1906
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.00000002 %
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
Industrial Uses
NA
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C
19
1,545.00 °C
23
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C
19
1,730.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa
10
471.00 MPa
25
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa
8
520.00 MPa
21
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu
Tm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27
34
1.25
35
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14
28
1.11
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73
20
2.75
19
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol
99+
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol
99+
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr
23
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV
33
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71
99+
69
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
71
99+
69
99+
Number of Neutrons
104
30
100
32
Number of Electrons
71
99+
69
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm
20
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
Not Available
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu
40
168.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol
30
18.10 cm3/mol
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)
26
49.70 (-eV)
28
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm
99+
353.75 pm
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
10
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3
38
9.32 g/cm3
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3
22
8.56 g/cm3
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
33
0.06 (Pa)
10
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)
11
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa
26
30.50 GPa
22
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa
23
44.50 GPa
26
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa
30
74.00 GPa
27
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
0.21
31
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.84
29
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m
9
676.00 nΩ·m
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K
24
27.03 J/mol·K
22
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K
99+
16.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol
22
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol
13
16.80 kJ/mol
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol
20
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K
30
74.00 J/mol.K
9
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