Tungsten vs Mercury
Periodic Table
Symbol
W
Hg
Group Number
6
12
12
6
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440337
99+
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
In 1781
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
39
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
39
0.05 %
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
18
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
31
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
35
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C
1
Not Available
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C
1
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Grayish White
Silver
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.50
2
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa
1
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s
16
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
62.00 %
13
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
W
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36
2
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98
23
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40
19
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.47
29
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64
99+
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol
16
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol
29
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV
13
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
74
99+
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
74
99+
80
36
Number of Neutrons
110
27
121
22
Number of Electrons
74
99+
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm
29
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu
37
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
5
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm
99+
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3
16
13.53 g/cm3
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3
5
Not Available
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa
10
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
32
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa
5
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa
4
Not Available
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa
4
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.22
9
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m
99+
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol
13
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K
99+
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K
7
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
1
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
1
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
1
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
75.80 J/mol.K
6
|
||
|
||
|
