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Mercury vs Rhodium

Mercury
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Rh  
Group Number
12  
6
9  
9
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
6
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
6 * 10-8 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0000002 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.00 %  
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
NA  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
Not Available  
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
19
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available  
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
980.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
1,100.00 MPa  
9
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
4,700.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
3
Not Available  
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
8
84.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
7
2.28  
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
7
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
17
1.45  
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
9
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
30
1.56  
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
15
4.98 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80  
36
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
121  
22
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
80  
36
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
32
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
35
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
380.34 pm  
27
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
24
12.41 g/cm3  
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available  
10.70 g/cm3  
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
0.00  
1
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
16
12.41  
20
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
109.70 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
13
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
6
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
495.40 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
556.50 kJ/mol  
12
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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