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Mercury vs Rhodium

Mercury
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Rh  
Group Number
12  
6
9  
9
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %  
2
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
-38.83 °C  
99+
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
980.00 MPa  
10
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
1,100.00 MPa  
15
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
4,700.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
17
2.28  
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
34
1.56  
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
20
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
80  
36
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
121  
23
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
80  
36
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
380.34 pm  
30
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.42  
99+
1.73  
7
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
25
12.41 g/cm3  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm3  
27
10.70 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
0.00  
4
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa  
99+
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
27
12.41  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
33
2,237.00 K  
13
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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