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Rhodium vs Mercury

Rhodium
Mercury
Mercury vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
Hg  
Group Number
9  
9
12  
6
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
166.00  
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In 1804  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %  
26
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %  
25
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.05 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
Not Available  
0.45 p.p.m.  
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
Not Available  
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
9
Not Available  
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
9
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
15
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available  
1.00  
3
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
4
73.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rh  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
3
2.00  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
2.20  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
16
1.44  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.81  
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
24
1.44  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
26
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
6
4.49 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
45  
99+
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
121  
22
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
32
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
14.82 cm3/mol  
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
27
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
NA  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
28
13.53 g/cm3  
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
14
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
0.00  
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
20
13.53  
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
7
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
27.98 J/mol·K  
13
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
1,750.00 K  
6
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
12
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
12
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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