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Rhodium vs Mercury

Rhodium
Mercury
Mercury vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh   
Hg   
Group Number
9   
9
12   
6
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440166   
99+
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
In 1804   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.05 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
Not Available   
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C   
12
Not Available   
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C   
17
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa   
9
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
84.00 %   
4
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rh   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45   
16
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.56   
24
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
45   
99+
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45   
99+
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
58   
99+
121   
22
Number of Electrons
45   
99+
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu   
99+
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm   
27
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3   
28
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa   
5
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa   
6
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa   
5
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa   
5
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41   
20
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K   
9
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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