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Rhodium vs Mercury

Rhodium
Mercury
Mercury vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
Hg  
Group Number
9  
9
12  
6
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In 1804  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.09 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
-38.83 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.81  
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
1.44  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.49 eV  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
121  
23
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
0.42  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
13.53 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
13.55 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
4
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
25.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
13.53  
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
1,750.00 K  
33
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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