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Rhodium vs Platinum

Rhodium
Platinum
Platinum vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh   
Pt   
Group Number
9   
9
10   
8
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440166   
99+
7440064   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston   
Antonio de Ulloa   
Discovery
In 1804   
In 1735   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C   
12
1,772.00 °C   
16
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C   
17
3,827.00 °C   
15
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
3.50   
11
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa   
9
300.00 MPa   
34
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa   
9
400.00 MPa   
25
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
2,800.00 m/s   
29
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
84.00 %   
4
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rh   
Pt   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
2.28   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45   
16
1.44   
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.56   
24
1.72   
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
5.65 eV   
1
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
45   
99+
78   
38
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45   
99+
78   
38
Number of Neutrons
58   
99+
117   
24
Number of Electrons
45   
99+
78   
38
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
136.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
175.00 pm   
36
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Iridium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Gold
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
392.42 (-eV)   
1
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm   
27
392.42 pm   
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3   
28
21.45 g/cm3   
11
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3   
14
19.77 g/cm3   
2
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa   
5
125.00 MPa   
14
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)   
19
0.07 (Pa)   
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa   
6
61.00 GPa   
14
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa   
5
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa   
5
168.00 GPa   
14
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
0.38   
6
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41   
20
21.45   
4
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K   
9
71.60 W/m·K   
24
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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