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Platinum vs Osmium

Platinum
Osmium
Osmium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt   
Os   
Group Number
10   
8
8   
10
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440042   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
Smithson Tennant   
Discovery
In 1735   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
3 * 10-7 %   
21
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
0.00 %   
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
3,045.00 °C   
3
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
5,027.00 °C   
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
7.00   
3
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
3,490.00 MPa   
1
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt   
Os   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
2.20   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.52   
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
4.83 eV   
8
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78   
38
76   
40
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78   
38
76   
39
Number of Neutrons
117   
24
114   
25
Number of Electrons
78   
38
76   
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
133.80 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
216.00 pm   
24
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
190.23 amu   
35
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
91.40 (-eV)   
12
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
273.44 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
14
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
22.59 g/cm3   
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
20.00 g/cm3   
1
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
1,000.00 MPa   
4
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
222.00 GPa   
1
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
462.00 GPa   
1
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
0.25   
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
22.57   
2
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
87.60 W/m·K   
19
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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