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Platinum vs Rhodium

Platinum
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt   
Rh   
Group Number
10   
8
9   
9
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440166   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1735   
In 1804   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
NA   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
1,966.00 °C   
12
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
3,727.00 °C   
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
980.00 MPa   
9
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt   
Rh   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
2.28   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
1.56   
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78   
38
45   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78   
38
45   
99+
Number of Neutrons
117   
24
58   
99+
Number of Electrons
78   
38
45   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
102.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
380.34 pm   
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
12.41 g/cm3   
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
951.00 MPa   
5
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
150.00 GPa   
6
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
275.00 GPa   
5
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
380.00 GPa   
5
Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
0.26   
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
12.41   
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
150.00 W/m·K   
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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