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Platinum vs Rhodium

Platinum
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt  
Rh  
Group Number
10  
8
9  
9
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440064  
99+
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1735  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C  
16
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C  
15
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50  
12
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
980.00 MPa  
10
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
1,100.00 MPa  
15
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
4,700.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.41  
6
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pt  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
2.28  
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.72  
19
1.56  
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
3rd Energy Level
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
7th Energy level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
8th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
11th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
14th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
15th Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
16th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
17th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
18th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
19th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
21st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
23rd Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
25th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
26th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
27th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
28th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
29th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
30th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV  
4
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
78  
38
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78  
38
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
117  
25
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
78  
38
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)  
1
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm  
27
380.34 pm  
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.73  
7
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3  
11
12.41 g/cm3  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3  
12
10.70 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
0.00  
16
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)  
18
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa  
14
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa  
15
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45  
13
12.41  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
14
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K  
24
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
2,041.00 K  
19
2,237.00 K  
13
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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