Aluminium Gold Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Al
Au
Group Number
13
5
11
7
Period Number
3
6
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7429905
99+
7440575
31
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Unknown
Discovery
In 1825
Before 6000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %
5
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %
5
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %
5
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %
1
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
6
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
10
0.00 %
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.
11
0.02 p.p.m.
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C
99+
1,064.43 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C
99+
2,807.00 °C
36
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gold
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.75
13
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
99+
194.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa
35
216.00 MPa
31
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s
10
2,030.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
71.00 %
10
95.00 %
2
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al
Au
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
11
27
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61
22
2.54
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71
13
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83
8
1.87
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.61
20
1.92
5
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39
32
1.46
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
890.10 kJ/mol
8
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
Not Available
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV
19
5.10 eV
4
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13
99+
79
37
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
13
99+
79
37
Number of Neutrons
14
99+
118
23
Number of Electrons
13
99+
79
37
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm
37
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm
99+
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm
34
166.00 pm
39
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu
99+
196.97 amu
33
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)
17
43.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm
22
407.82 pm
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.61
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3
99+
19.30 g/cm3
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
17.31 g/cm3
6
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa
19
120.00 MPa
15
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
18
0.00 (Pa)
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
67.00 (Pa)
4
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa
29
27.00 GPa
27
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa
18
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa
28
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.35
9
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.72
99+
19.32
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
4
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol
26
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
25.42 J/mol·K
40
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K
4
318.00 W/m·K
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol
31
324.40 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol
35
12.55 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol
31
364.00 kJ/mol
25
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
47.40 J/mol.K
32
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