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Aluminium vs Gold

Aluminium
Gold
Gold vs Aluminium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Al  
Au  
Group Number
13  
5
11  
7
Period Number
3  
6  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7429905  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted  
-  
Discovery
In 1825  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.01 %  
6
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.01 %  
5
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %  
5
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %  
1
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
6
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3  
9
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.  
11
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
660.37 °C  
99+
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C  
99+
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.75  
14
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa  
99+
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa  
99+
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s  
14
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.61  
31
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Al  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
11  
27
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61  
23
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71  
16
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83  
16
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.61  
23
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39  
32
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol  
20
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol  
39
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol  
3
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol  
4
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
5,770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
5,770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
57,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
5,775.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
577.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
577.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV  
26
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
13  
99+
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
13  
99+
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
14  
99+
118  
24
Number of Electrons
13  
99+
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm  
39
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm  
99+
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu  
99+
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Magnesium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Potassium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)  
17
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm  
25
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3  
99+
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa  
36
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa  
19
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa  
30
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.72  
99+
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m  
99+
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω  
4
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol  
31
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)  
5
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K  
99+
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K  
4
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
933.00 K  
99+
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)  
18
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol  
99+
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol  
99+
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol  
99+
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K  
99+
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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