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Gold vs Bismuth

Gold
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Bi  
Group Number
11  
7
15  
3
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
126  
19
Number of Electrons
79  
37
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
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