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Gold Bismuth Comparison

Gold
Bismuth
Bismuth Gold comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au   
Bi   
Group Number
11   
7
15   
3
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440575   
31
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
21
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
18
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gold   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
70.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79   
37
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79   
37
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
118   
23
126   
18
Number of Electrons
79   
37
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
Summary >>
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