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Bismuth Gold Comparison

Bismuth
Gold
Gold Bismuth comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi  
Au  
Group Number
15  
3
11  
7
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440699  
22
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
C12/m1  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
12.00  
15
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy  
-  
Discovery
In 1753  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
271.30 °C  
99+
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C  
99+
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.50  
5
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bi  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02  
7
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34  
3
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67  
7
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15  
8
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
2.01  
5
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98  
99+
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
29
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
83  
33
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83  
33
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
126  
19
118  
24
Number of Electrons
83  
33
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
31
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm  
38
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm  
33
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu  
29
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm  
2
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
32.00 MPa  
99+
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa  
99+
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa  
99+
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79  
99+
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
20
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
36
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
544.00 K  
99+
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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