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Bismuth vs Gold

Bismuth
Gold
Gold vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi   
Au   
Group Number
15   
3
11   
7
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440699   
22
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
C12/m1   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
12.00   
12
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1753   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %   
14
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gold   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
2.54   
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83   
33
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83   
33
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
126   
18
118   
23
Number of Electrons
83   
33
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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