1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkaline Earth
1.6 CAS Number
74299057440417
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
2.2 Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %1 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %~0.00000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
660.37 °C1,278.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C2,970.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa590.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa1,670.00 MPa
121
3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s12,890.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol899.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol1,757.10 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol14,848.70 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol21,006.60 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr0.17 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
6.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
143.00 pm112.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm153.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
26.98 amu9.01 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol5.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)82.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
404.95 pm228.58 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm31.85 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm31.69 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa132.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa130.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa287.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
8.1.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m36.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω0.31 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)1.82 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K16.44 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K200.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)11.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol294.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol11.72 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol326.40 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K9.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1