1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74299057440484
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
2.2 Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Georg Brandt
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-30.04 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.0.04 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
660.37 °C1,495.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C2,870.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa470.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa1,043.00 MPa
121
3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s4,720.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
4.7.2 β Allotropes
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol1,648.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol3,232.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol4,950.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol7,670.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol9,840.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol12,440.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol15,230.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol17,959.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol26,570.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol29,400.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA32,400.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA36,600.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA39,700.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA42,800.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA49,396.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA52,737.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NA134,810.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NA145,170.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NA154,700.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NA167,400.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NA178,100.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NA189,300.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
143.00 pm147.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
121.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
26.98 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
404.95 pm295.08 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm34.11 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa434.00 MPa
2.5
11000
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa44.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa110.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa116.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol7.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1