Aluminium vs Cobalt
Periodic Table
Symbol
Al
Co
Group Number
13
5
9
9
Period Number
3
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7429905
99+
7440484
38
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Georg Brandt
Discovery
In 1825
In 1732
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %
5
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %
5
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %
5
0.06 %
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %
1
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
6
0.00 %
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
10
0.00 %
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
- Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
18
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.
11
0.04 p.p.m.
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C
99+
1,495.00 °C
29
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C
99+
2,870.00 °C
34
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.75
13
5.00
8
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
99+
470.00 MPa
26
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa
35
1,043.00 MPa
11
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s
10
4,720.00 m/s
14
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
71.00 %
10
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-Cobalt
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-Cobalt
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al
Co
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
11
27
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61
22
1.88
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71
13
2.56
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.70
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83
8
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.61
20
1.84
10
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39
32
2.12
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
760.40 kJ/mol
19
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
1,648.00 kJ/mol
31
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
3,232.00 kJ/mol
22
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
4,950.00 kJ/mol
19
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
7,670.00 kJ/mol
12
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
9,840.00 kJ/mol
12
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
12,440.00 kJ/mol
11
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
15,230.00 kJ/mol
12
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
17,959.00 kJ/mol
13
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
26,570.00 kJ/mol
7
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
29,400.00 kJ/mol
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available
32,400.00 kJ/mol
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available
36,600.00 kJ/mol
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available
39,700.00 kJ/mol
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available
42,800.00 kJ/mol
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available
49,396.00 kJ/mol
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available
52,737.00 kJ/mol
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available
134,810.00 kJ/mol
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available
145,170.00 kJ/mol
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available
154,700.00 kJ/mol
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available
167,400.00 kJ/mol
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
178,100.00 kJ/mol
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
189,300.00 kJ/mol
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV
19
5.00 eV
5
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13
99+
22
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
13
99+
22
99+
Number of Neutrons
14
99+
26
99+
Number of Electrons
13
99+
22
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm
37
147.00 pm
34
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm
34
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu
99+
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)
17
95.20 (-eV)
10
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm
22
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3
99+
4.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
4.11 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa
19
434.00 MPa
9
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
18
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.98 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa
29
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa
18
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa
28
116.00 GPa
18
Poisson Ratio
0.35
9
0.32
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.72
99+
4,500.00
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
4
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
420.00 nΩ·m
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol
26
7.60 kJ/mol
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K
4
21.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol
31
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol
35
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol
31
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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