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Aluminium vs Copper

Aluminium
Copper
Copper vs Aluminium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Al   
Cu   
Group Number
13   
5
11   
7
Period Number
3   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7429905   
99+
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1825   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %   
5
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %   
5
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %   
5
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %   
1
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
6
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
10
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Copper   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.75   
13
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa   
99+
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa   
35
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s   
10
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
71.00 %   
10
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
11   
27
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61   
22
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71   
13
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83   
8
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.61   
20
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39   
32
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV   
19
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
13   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
14   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
13   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm   
37
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm   
34
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Magnesium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Potassium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)   
17
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm   
22
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa   
19
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
18
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa   
29
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa   
18
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa   
28
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.35   
9
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.72   
99+
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
4
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
0.00   
3
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K   
4
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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