Aluminium vs Copper
Periodic Table
Symbol
Al
Cu
Group Number
13
5
11
7
Period Number
3
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7429905
99+
7440508
37
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Unknown
Discovery
In 1825
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %
5
6 * 10-6 %
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %
5
~0.00007 %
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %
5
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %
1
0.01 %
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
6
0.00 %
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
10
0.00 %
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.
11
26.00 p.p.m.
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C
99+
1,084.62 °C
40
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C
99+
2,562.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Copper
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.75
13
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
99+
235.00 MPa
38
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa
35
343.00 MPa
28
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s
10
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
71.00 %
10
90.00 %
3
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al
Cu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
11
27
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61
22
1.90
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71
13
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83
8
1.49
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.61
20
1.85
9
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39
32
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
745.50 kJ/mol
22
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV
19
4.65 eV
11
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13
99+
29
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
13
99+
29
99+
Number of Neutrons
14
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
13
99+
29
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm
37
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm
99+
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm
34
140.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu
99+
63.55 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)
17
34.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm
22
361.49 pm
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3
99+
8.96 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
8.02 g/cm3
27
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa
19
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
18
1.53 (Pa)
8
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa
29
48.00 GPa
15
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa
18
140.00 GPa
12
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa
28
120.00 GPa
17
Poisson Ratio
0.35
9
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.72
99+
8.89
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
4
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Susceptibility
0.00
3
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol
26
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K
4
401.00 W/m·K
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol
31
283.70 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol
35
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol
31
338.90 kJ/mol
29
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
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